During this century XX numerous events occurred that had to be referenciar more better to the history of Spain than to the Aragonese itself.

In 1908, Zaragoza it both celebrates the first Centenary of the Sites and the conciliation between towns with an important Hispanic-French exhibition that it equips to the city of new buildings and places public (Seat of the Sites, Provincial Museum). In addition, at the moment the street car in the city begins to be implanted, the orchard of Santa Engracia is urbanized and the bridge of the Pilar is inaugurated (Metal bridge). The buildings public of the city also are modernized appearing therefore the seat of Post office, the Provincial Delegation, the City council and the scholastic Group Joaquín Costa.

During the years the 10 and 20 social conflicts whip the citizen life, culminating with the murder in 1923 of the Cardinal Soldevila archbishop. Few years later the General Academy is based Militar, under the direction of General Franco. During II the Republic the social confliction continues, getting to take place a general strike of a month of duration in 1934.

The Civil War.

Zaragoza, like Spain submerges in 1936 in a Civil War.

When exploding the civil war, the City is aligned with the insurgents, and to his around important warlike movements take place whose primary target is its defense or conquers (fronts of the Ebro and Teruel).

With the encounter of Mola and Cabanellas the 7 of June of 1936 in the Bardenas it was guaranteed the fidelity of the V Division to the rise. After the first news on the blow, general Núñez de Prado, just arrived from Madrid, failed in his attempt to maintain to Cabanellas next to the Government. The situation, very little clear at the first moments was defined when to 5 of the dawn of the 19 of July the state military in Zaragoza was declared.

In Huesca and Teruel the revolt was decided when, without finding resistance hardly, the Civil Guard and the Guards of Assault added themselves to the movement. Something different was the facts in Jaca, that it became strong until it died his mayor, Wall, and in Barbastro, that remained faithful to the Government.

This initial situation of adhesion to the rise was modified by the arrival of columns of milicianos, coming from Catalonia and the Valencian Country, that recovered for the Republic Eastern half of Aragón.

The Republican Aragón.

The power emptiness that took place when defeating the insurrectionists allowed that union Catalan and leaders zaragozanos anarchists settled down the colectivismo: to the margin of the republican State revolutionary committees protected by the military services arose from the CNT.

The implantation of a new social and political order, that there is to understand in connection with the exceptional conjuncture of the war and not like result of a violent imposition in all the cases, was accompanied by the physical elimination of great proprietors and industrialists, falangistas, members of Agrarian Public interest action and the Church.

Nevertheless, the process of consolidation of the colectivities was truncated by factors as the failure on the attempts to control them from the government, the struggle between different forms to conceive the agrarian policy and the repercussions of the events of May of the 37, that motivated that the government of Negrín dissolved them by the force with the support of the Communists. This and the dissolution of the Council of Aragón, (organ of the regional government presided over by Ascaso) by means of a decree of August of the 37 comprised of the process of centralization of the republican power before the necessities that the warlike situation imposed.

The advance of the Front.

The militarization of the columns, finalized in April of 1937, caused that the war became a confrontation between two organized armies; such phenomenon agreed with the beginning of mobility in the Front of Aragón.

This front, that maintained to the region divided from August of the 36, conducted battle with failed the offensive republican on Huesca in June of 1937 and with the attack Fuendetodos and Belchite, whose surrender obtained in September. In December, desire to make fail the plans of Franc on Madrid took the governmental ones to project the conquest of Teruel successfully; the battle marked to a landmark in its warlike file the being the only capital that was able to remove of the insurgent side.

However, it reconquers it of this city by the pro-Franco army (22-2-38) was the departure point of the collapse of the front of Aragón; in March one advances by Belchite and Fifth; soon Alcañiz, Montalbán and Caspe fall; in the north the Tardienta-Alcubierre line is broken and Fraga is occupied. Less in Bielsa, where Beltrán commander (the Esquinazao) resisted until the 6 of June, and in the southern end of Teruel, the war is finalized to the height of April of 1938.

As of this date Varela it commences the offensive by Aliaga-Ejulve, so that in May it has been able to occupy all the province except the corner of Puebla of Valverde and Mora de Rubielos, scene of the last confrontations until September. The advance of the army of Franc ended the revolutionary experiments thus, using for it as the violence and the shipment as many Aragoneses to exile.

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The City council.

Aljaferia Palace.