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Prehistory |
Iberian |
Romans |
Centuries V to VII |
Century VIII |
Centuries IX to XI
Centuries XII to XV |
Centuries XVI to XVIII |
Century XIX |
Century XX |
The present time
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Zaragoza turned the main city of the kingdom of Aragón in their Cathedral of the
Salvador (La Seo) the kings crown themselves and in her Cortes is celebrated and an
important Fair from half-full of s. XIII.
King Ramiro II "the Monk" found a solution to solve the serious problem of the
dynastic succession in the Aragón Kingdom. He gave to his Petronila daughter, of hardly
a year of age, like wife of Ramon Berenguer IV, count of Barcelona. The 11 of August of
1137 agreed to the esponsales in Barbastro.
The future wife contributed "the Kingdom of Aragón in her integrity", but Ramiro of
reserved the right of being King, Gentleman and Father in the mentioned kingdom and all
your counties (of the count of Barcelona) while it pleased to him. The birth of Corona de
Aragón was being developed, that played a transcendental role in the development of
peninsular and international history. Because of the age of Petronila, the ceremony was
place thirteen years old later (1150) in the Cathedral of Lérida.
In century XII, Petronila de Aragón house at the age of 14 years with Count Ramon
Berengel IV of Barcelona (1137). A convenience marriage, to the purest medieval style.
The dynastic union with the house of Barcelona caused the consolidation and
continuation of the territorial conquests front to the andalusí world. From the esponsales,
Ramon Berenguer IV acted indifferently like Count of Barcelona and Prince of Aragón (7 -
1162). Once assured his political situation in the Kingdom and fortified the southern border,
he continued the territorial expansion, paralyzed from the death of "the Fighting one" (1134).
He sent his warlike offensive on territories of the Valley of the Ebro: Sariñena, Pina and
Velilla de Ebro were recovered in 1141; also Chalamera and Alcolea de Cinca. In 1142 it
recovered Monsoon and, surely, Zaidín and Tamarite. In addition, and to fortify the
Aragonese Extremadura, reocupó the city of Daroca, semidesert and left after the death of
Alfonso I, and by means of law, came to its repoblación and organization.
The intention of this marriage was the one to more hard make a Aragón in front of
Castilla, that had been united a long time ago already with Leon. The work of Ramon
Berenguer was the one to unite what soon it would be the county of Barcelona. Thus the Kingdom of Aragón
formed.
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Zaragoza in the Kingdom of Aragón
The relation of Aragón and Catalan people was wonderfully, both congeniaron
from a first moment when seeing the advantages of the union. It is necessary to
politically consider that the fueros of Corona de Aragón of were advanced, speaking,
of the time, and still today many historians, politicians and universities study them. The
formation of Corona de Aragón obtained its main objective: to create a state strong
front to Castilla.
But it reconquers it continued, and now that Castile respected still more to
Aragón, to the formed salary Corona, the following objective was the Muslim. Jaime I
the Conqueror paid attention as the conquest of the city of Valencia objective. He
reunited in the environs of the border city of Teruel, an army made up of the noble of
different counties, but the Catalans did not go to the appointment, thing that bothered
to the rest of the noble. Even so, he was decided to try it, and successfully. One
conquered the city of Valencia and territories near the coast towards the south
(1238).
The malaise increased when the Jaime the Conqueror wanted that the territories
just conquered were a new law, to be able to distribute Corona between his three
children giving the territory of Aragón to the greater one, the one from Catalonia to the
second and Valencia to the small one. The decision did not seat well between the
Aragón noble that wanted that the new territories belonged to Aragón, and not that
had own fueros. Still the decision seated worse of than the new territories were
colonized by Catalan.
The king distributed the colonization authorizations, and although also he was
colonized by some Aragón people, to a large extent were Catalan people. These decisions,
surely were influence of the Catalan noble that lived in Barcelona with the king. Still
with the crispation climate that was lived in the Kingdom of Aragón, Corona did not
undo, and the three states of Aragón, Catalonia, Valencia and later Balearic would
follow united, although with own fueros.
It reconquers it in the peninsula practically was concluded, for that reason
Aragón expanded by the Mediterranean. One commented in the centuries XIV and
XV that "until the fish of the Mediterranean take woods of Aragón", in reference to
four red woods on yellow bottom that was the main emblem of the kingdom.
Therefore, Sicily was annexed in 1282, Athens in 1311, Balearic completely in 1314,
Neopatria in 1319, Sardinia in 1322, and Naples in 1443. It is necessary to name to
Roger de Flor like head of the expedition that annexed the Ducados of Athens and
Neopatria. Jerusalem was not an Aragonese possession like so, but in the city a strong
as much economic influence existed as military man. Military man, since in all
Mediterranean there was much Aragonese influence, mainly, economic cannot be
spoken purely of an expansion.
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The Caspe Commitment.
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In 1412 a fact took place that was on the verge of creating a civil war in Corona de
Aragón. Martín I the Human dies without leaving descendants, and the cuts reunited in
Alcañiz decide to try to name a new king. Thus nine compromisarios meet in Caspe to
decide that would be the future king of Aragón, three compromisarios by each leasehold
state. The commitment to decide that king was the most indicated to happen to the
deceased, was very important, and several aspirings appeared. In addition to which he
thinks that Fernando de Antequera bought to 2 Aragón delegades, 2 Valencian
and 1 Catalan, the church, that then much influence had, represented by Vicente Ferrer
(that later would be saint) influenced in the decision, who finally would proclaim
Fernando, king of Aragón. Vicente Ferrer assured the town Caspe, in representation of all
Corona, that would be chosen to who more rights it had. But the decision, that was more
to avoid a war with Castile that by another thing, infuriated to the caspolinos, that were on
the verge of lynching to saint (who had committed perjury to the salary this which they
would choose to which he had more right), if they did not have been the followers of
Fernando de Antequera to avoid it. The decision increased the malaise within kingdom. The
commitment of Caspe, in the long run, turned out to be more unfavorable for Aragón than
beneficial. The decision that was made to avoid a war, put in the throne a king who the
town did not want, that being Castilian, it eliminated many Aragón's customs (one of
them, the Fabla - the Aragonese language, with all its dialectos -, since it was the
principle of the aim of this language that would begin to consider of low class), and in
addition, more ahead it would bring a union with Castile (Fernando the Catholic, his
descendant, would marry with Isabel of Castile) that would harm Aragón.
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LThe union with Castilla
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When Fernando II of Aragón and Sicily, III of Naples, and V of Castile,
married in 1469 with Isabel of Castilla, were united Christian kingdoms both more
forts of Europe, to form Spain. Later the kingdom of Navarre would be united, that
would conserve, like Aragón, the fueros. Kings Catolics finished reconquers it
with the taking of Granada, and they embarked in a company that took to the
discovery of the New World.
During this time, the city was occupied temporarily by Alfonso VII of Castilla,
granting to the city its municipal shield, the lion.
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In century XIII the first extension of the city is undertaken being born the districts of
San Pablo, San Agustín and San Miguel extending the walls of the city until the course of
the Huerva. At this time it also appears the District of the Rabal (Suburb) that during
many years would lodge quarters and convents, also remodela the Aljafería as Real
Palace and Cortes in the Seo meets.
In century XV margenes of the Ebro by means of the Stone Bridge will be united.
The city has few románicos rest (a small eardrum in the Basilica of the Pillar and
the lateral apse of the Seo) but is rich in elements of the gothic one (Cathedral of the Seo,
churches of San Pablo and San Gil) and of mudéjar (churches of the Magdalena, San
Miguel, the Jewish convent of Santo Sepulcro, baths or the Tower of Fortea). Like cultural
center, it emphasizes the existence of the second older press of Spain (1475).
For more information visit:
Cathedral of the Pilar.
Cathedral of La Seo.
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